About Azores islands map
PSHA-based hazard calculator. Hazard calculations were performed using a smoothed hexagonal point grid with a spatial resolution of 0.03 decimal degrees, for a total of 9871 grid points. Figure 1 shows the mean seismic hazard map for Portugal in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA—in g) expected to be exceeded with a 10% probability in 50 years (equivalent to a return period of 475 years)—a commonly used reference in seismic design regulations.Fig. 1Mean seismic hazard map in terms of peak ground acceleration (g) for a probability of exceedance of 10% in 50 years (equivalent to a return period of 475 years)Full size imageThe mean hazard map indicates PGA values ranging from 0.04 to 0.55 g, in line with past studies for the Southwest of the territory (e.g., Vilanova and Fonseca 2007). The map reveals that the southern and central-west regions of mainland Portugal have the highest seismic hazard, with PGA values ranging from 0.14 to 0.55 g. The northern part of the country is characterized by low to moderate seismic hazard, ranging from 0.04 to 0.15 g. While the seismic hazard in the Madeira islands is considerably lower, the Azores archipelago has high seismic hazard, due to its geographic location in the junction of the Eurasian, North-American and Nubian plates, with values ranging from 0.22 to 0.47 g.Figure 2 shows the mean hazard curves for six cities in Portugal, depicting the probability of exceedance in 50 years of four ground shaking intensity measures: PGA and spectral acceleration at three periods of vibration (Sa(0.3), Sa(0.6), and Sa(1.0)). These intensity measures are used by the vulnerability model employed in this study.Fig. 2Comparison of the mean hazard curves for four ground shaking intensity measures for six cities in PortugalFull size imageThese results indicate that Faro, located in the southern region of mainland Portugal, has the highest seismic hazard among the selected locations. Ponta Delgada, in the Azores islands, and Lisbon, in the central-west region of mainland Portugal, also have significant seismic hazard. Notably, these three top locations have been affected by destructive events in the last centuries (Ferrão et al. 2016).4 Exposure model4.1
Key features of the Azores islands map that are enabled through these drivers include:
- Azores Islands Map Guide - Wandering
- Azores Islands Map Pictures, Images and
- Map of Pico, Azores (Island in Portugal)
- Map of The Islands in the Azores, Portugal - Pinterest
- Map of the island of Sao Miguel in the Azores
- Map of Terceira Island in Azores Portugal
- Map of Azores Islands Portugal - Pinterest
Offshore territories. The Ashmore and Cartier Islands and the Coral Sea Islands have independent entries. (Norfolk and Macquarie Islands already had their own entries.)The Colombian department of "San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina" has been moved to the West Indies.South Africa's "Prince Edward and Marion Islands" have their own entry in the Indian Ocean.The Netherlands Antilles have been divided in two. The West Indies portion comprises Sint Maarten, Sint Eustatius, and Saba. The South American portion includes Bonaire and Curaçao. (Aruba left the Netherlands Antilles in 1986, and is its own country in the Kingdom of the Netherlands).Spain's "exclaves" of Ceuta and Melilla have been moved moved into Africa.All of this is more geographically accurate, to be sure, but it made calculating a full country list much harder. To fix this, I've added a slew of "magic" locations:Australia (with dependent territories)Chile (with offshore islands)China (with administrative regions)Colombia (with Caribbean islands)United Kingdom (with dependent territories)United States (with dependent territories)Ecuador (with Galapagos)France (with Overseas Territories)New Zealand (with Tokelau)Portugal (with Azores and Madeira)Spain (with Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla)Norway (with Bouvet Island and Svalbard)Finland (with Åland Islands)Kingdom of DenmarkKingdom of the NetherlandsSouth Africa (with Prince Edward and Marion Islands)You can find the full definition of each of these in the online manual.Checklist improvementsLots of checklists have been cleaned up in this release. In particular, I've finished manually verifying and setting rarity status checklists for all of North America (including Central America and the West Indies), making this the third completed continent (after South America and Africa); this required corrections to:All of the Canadian provinces and territoriesNicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Belize, and Greenland(Whenever I tackle this, I tend to find some humorous mistakes. This time the winner came from the El Salvador checklist, which was missing Great Blue Heron - and instead had Great-billed Heron, which would be an impressive range extension from southeast Asia!)I've also reconciled the checklists (setting "rarity" status and adding/removing species as needed) for:Portugal (removing birds recorded only on the Azores or Madeira)Spain (removing birds found only recorded from the Canary Islands or Ceuta and Melilla)FranceBelgiumGreeceAustraliaNew ZealandSocotra IslandSeychellesNetherlands AntillesFaroe IslandsMadeiraAzoresAnd there are brand new checklists for:Heard Island and MacDonald IslandsMacquarie IslandEaster IslandJuan Fernandez Island (and its endemics removed from Chile)CuraçaoBonaireNiueSvalbard and Jan MayenSaint Pierre et MiquelonCoral Sea IslandsAshmore and Cartier IslandsThere's additional, smaller fixes in southern Africa, the Indian Ocean, Costa Rica, and Peru.Fixed bugsI've fixed a couple of
